Mushroom Mania

As Bob Bruce says, “You are either a fungophile or you are not.”  Bruce would know he has been cultivating mushrooms at Wakarusa Valley Farm for the past three years.  Growing mushrooms is not an easy task, the average gardener cannot simple buy a packet of seeds or a spore infested “pot” of mushrooms to dig a hole in the ground and reap the rewards of its bounty.  No, mushrooms are complicated, intricate, rather a study in science than gardening in fact it might be more useful to have a biology degree than a green thumb. 

You need a sterile environment, which is why many mushrooms lives begin in a laboratory.  The spores (or natural seeds) of the mushroom are so miniscule that growers cannot physically handle them, which is why the spores are inoculated on cereal grains or another substance that can be handled.  Bruce explains the process, “Mushrooms arise from, and are made of mycelium, a complex network of cells known as hyphae.  Therefore, hyphae are the basic structural units of a mushroom.  Growing mushrooms requires the expansion of the mycelial mass, first from cultured agar (via spores or tissue) then to grain.  Colonized grain is known as “spawn” and is the vector for inoculating various substrates including hardwoods and straw.  Growth parameters for each is unique, but in general mushrooms fruit when they “run out of food”, followed by an increase in moisture, and an increase in oxygen.  The cycle ends/continues when mushrooms form and spores are forcibly propelled from the gills.” 

Alrighty then, got it?  Mushrooms need a sterile environment, grains to be inoculated onto, clean substrates like wood chips or straw, ventilation, healthy stock cultures, and a Doctorate in fungal matter, no just kidding but it certainly wouldn’t hurt.  Bruce shares the most taxing part of growing mushrooms (as if the entire process is not demanding enough), “The most challenging part of growing mushrooms is knowing when and why they fruit.  We’ve experimented with literally hundreds of “recipes”, often times without knowing what causes failure.  Moisture content, wood type, particle size, supplements, containers, and intensity and duration of light are just a few factors to consider.  Not to mention you’re working with microorganisms whose biological competitors (contaminants) are impossible to see until it is too late and the bacteria have out sourced the fungi to the available food.  I suppose the most difficult part is trying to understand something you cannot see.”

Wakarusa Valley Farm looks like a run-of-the-mill grower’s paradise, lots of greenhouses, plenty of land, a few dogs and cats to greet visitors.  But when you take a closer inspection or go on a tour, this is quite different and unique from other growing environments.  First of all, we take off our street shoes and replace them with rubber shoes in many of the converted greenhouses for cleanliness purposes.  Instead of rows of plants there are alien-like growth forms poking out of bags stuffed with straw and hanging from the ceiling or otherworldly creatures protruding from brick-like blocks of wood chips stacked on shelves.  The atmosphere is damp and stinky and a little dark.  The growing mushrooms vary from brown, tan, multi-colored to albino white and pink.  They are universally soft to the touch but their shapes and contorted growth patterns are all unique to each variety.  At Wakarusa Valley Farm they are cultivating Morels, Lion’s Mane, Lobster, King Oyster, Wine Cap, Chanterelle, Hedgehog, Pom Pom Blanc, Maitake and Shiitake to name a few.  A handful of local restaurants and the Rolling Prairie Alliance all are clamoring for these beautiful, odd, tasty, home-grown morsels. 

I agree with Bruce, people either tend to really adore mushrooms, the “fungophiles”, or they could really care less.  If you happen to be a fungophile the farm is offering a subscription service to extend the best selection of local and wild edible mushrooms.  A subscription runs $18 and garners participants the freshest, seasonal mushrooms on a bi-weekly basis to be collected at the new Casbah Market downtown.  A subscription also comes with literature on the health benefits of mushrooms and recipes for the various types.  Also for fungophiles out there, the Kaw Valley Mycological Society meets for forays on the second Saturday of each month to predetermined locations both locally and regionally, often to go on nature hikes in search of those wild, elusive mushrooms.  The carpools leave from 601 Mississippi at 9am and they suggest that you bring a sack lunch.  The group also meets the following Wednesdays at Free State High School for dinner, no doubt on the menu are mushrooms.  Later they meander to the Public Library for a program; also no doubt the topics tend to lean towards the fungi family. 

So, if you are feeling your life is lacking some spores, a sprinkle of fungus, damp, darkened spaces and like-minded mushroom maniacs to regale those tall tales of, “Once I plucked a mushroom that was this big.”  Check out what Wakarusa Valley Farm is up to, subscribe to the mushroom food pantry and for goodness sakes, take a sunny Saturday to plod about the outskirts of Lawrence in a deep, dark deciduous forest and discover the wonderful world of mushrooms!